Bringing Human Robot Interaction towards _Trust and Social Engineering

Robots started their journey in books and movies; nowadays, they are becoming an important part of our daily lives: from industrial robots, passing through entertainment robots, and reaching social robotics in fields like healthcare or education. An important aspect of social robotics is the human counterpart, therefore, there is an interaction between the humans and robots. Interactions among humans are often taken for granted as, since children, we learn how to interact with each other. In robotics, this interaction is still very immature, however, critical for a successful incorporation of robots in society. Human robot interaction (HRI) is the domain that works on improving these interactions. HRI encloses many aspects, and a significant one is trust. Trust is the assumption that somebody or something is good and reliable; and it is critical for a developed society. Therefore, in a society where robots can part, the trust they could generate will be essential for cohabitation. A downside of trust is overtrusting an entity; in other words, an insufficient alignment of the projected trust and the expectations of a morally correct behaviour. This effect could negatively influence and damage the interactions between agents. In the case of humans, it is usually exploited by scammers, conmen or social engineers - who take advantage of the people's overtrust in order to manipulate them into performing actions that may not be beneficial for the victims. This thesis tries to shed light on the development of trust towards robots, how this trust could become overtrust and be exploited by social engineering techniques. More precisely, the following experiments have been carried out: (i) Treasure Hunt, in which the robot followed a social engineering framework where it gathered personal information from the participants, improved the trust and rapport with them, and at the end, it exploited that trust manipulating participants into performing a risky action. (ii) Wicked Professor, in which a very human-like robot tried to enforce its authority to make participants obey socially inappropriate requests. Most of the participants realized that the requests were morally wrong, but eventually, they succumbed to the robot'sauthority while holding the robot as morally responsible. (iii) Detective iCub, in which it was evaluated whether the robot could be endowed with the ability to detect when the human partner was lying. Deception detection is an essential skill for social engineers and professionals in the domain of education, healthcare and security. The robot achieved 75% of accuracy in the lie detection. There were also found slight differences in the behaviour exhibited by the participants when interacting with a human or a robot interrogator. Lastly, this thesis approaches the topic of privacy - a fundamental human value. With the integration of robotics and technology in our society, privacy will be affected in ways we are not used. Robots have sensors able to record and gather all kind of data, and it is possible that this information is transmitted via internet without the knowledge of the user. This is an important aspect to consider since a violation in privacy can heavily impact the trust. Summarizing, this thesis shows that robots are able to establish and improve trust during an interaction, to take advantage of overtrust and to misuse it by applying different types of social engineering techniques, such as manipulation and authority. Moreover, robots can be enabled to pick up different human cues to detect deception, which can help both, social engineers and professionals in the human sector. Nevertheless, it is of the utmost importance to make roboticists, programmers, entrepreneurs, lawyers, psychologists, and other sectors involved, aware that social robots can be highly beneficial for humans, but they could also be exploited for malicious purposes

Expectations Vs. Reality: Unreliability and Transparency in a Treasure Hunt Game With Icub

Trust is essential in human-robot interactions, and in times where machines are yet to be fully reliable, it is important to study how robotic hardware faults can affect the human counterpart. This experiment builds on a previous research that studied trust changes in a game-like scenario with the humanoid robot iCub. Several robot hardware failures (validated in another online study) were introduced in order to measure changes in trust due to the unreliability of the iCub. A total of 68 participants took part in this study. For half of them, the robot adopted a transparent approach, explaining each failure after it happened. Participants' behaviour was also compared to the 61 participants that played the same game with a fully reliable robot in the previous study. Against all expectations, introducing manifest hardware failures does not seem to significantly affect trust, while transparency mainly deteriorates the quality of interaction with the robot

Herramienta para la gestión de prácticas y portfolio en la Facultad de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podología de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid

Dado el enorme crecimiento de estudiantes en las titulaciones de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podología en los últimos años en la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, y debido a las carencias funcionales de los sistemas de gestión académica en cuanto al seguimiento de prácticas formativas se refiere, el procesamiento de la documentación oficial por parte de la gestión administrativa de estas Facultades se ha convertido en tarea ardua y costosa. Actualmente, titulaciones con amplia formación práctica en instituciones ajenas a la Universidad, se veían obligadas a llevar un control exhaustivo independiente, en muchos casos en papel, debido a la falta de una aplicación específica que satisficiese estas necesidades también demasiado concretas. La diferencia entre el seguimiento de un alumno en el aula, en actividades en un entorno cercano a ella y con el mismo personal docente, y el seguimiento cuando el educador es diferente al evaluador o ambos colaboran para extraer una valoración final, se refleja en necesidades de coordinación determinadas. Para la combinación coherente de las calificaciones extraídas del ámbito de enseñanza en el aula y de las prácticas realizadas por el alumno en los centros adscritos para ello, se utilizaba hasta ahora el Campus Virtual de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, junto con las evaluaciones en papel aportadas por los profesores adjuntos en los centros asociados. En este Proyecto Fin de Carrera, se ha diseñado e implementado una herramienta útil, intuitiva y completa para la gestión de prácticas y portfolio docente en la Facultad de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podología de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, consistente en una aplicación web, accesible por toda la comunidad universitaria y que servirá como estrategia metodológica de reflexión seguimiento y evaluación del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje del estudiante. Siguiendo la clasificación de tipos de portafolio propuesta por Charlotte Danielson y Leslye Abrutyn [1] la aplicación se basa en un Portafolio de Evaluación Diagnóstica, cuya finalidad es documentar lo que ha aprendido el estudiante en relación con objetivos curriculares específicos